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2024-04-05
2024-03-18
Don't forget to check your integer type!
Coal ash contains more energy than was gained from burning the coal.
Natural uranium, in a fast-neutron reactor | 28,000 GJ/kg [so 28e9 J/g] |
Hard black coal (IEA definition) | >23.9 MJ/kg |
Hard black coal (Australia & Canada) | c. 25 MJ/kg [so 25e3 J/g and 207.25 g/mol according to https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/1-Anthrylmethanolate] |
Sub-bituminous coal (IEA definition) | 17.4-23.9 MJ/kg |
Sub-bituminous coal (Australia & Canada) | c. 18 MJ/kg |
Lignite/brown coal (IEA definition) | <17.4 MJ/kg |
Lignite/brown coal (Australia, electricity) | c. 10 MJ/kg |
mass / molar mass = moles
moles * avogadro = number of molecules
number / avogadro = moles
moles * molar mass = mass
1e6 / 6.022140857e24 * 207.25 = 3.4414672e-17 g of coal = 8.603668e-13 J (25e3 J/g * 3.4414672e-17 g)
1 / 6.022140857e24 * 238.02891 = 3.952563e-23 g of uranium = 1.1067176e-12 J (28e9 J/g * 3.952563e-23 g)
1 / 6.022140857e24 * 232.03806 = 3.8530826e-23 g of thorium = 1.0788631e-12 J (28e9 J/g * 3.8530826e-23)
https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/fs163-97/FS-163-97.html
"2,000 coal samples from the Western United States and approximately 300 coals from the Illinois Basin. In the majority of samples, concentrations of uranium fall in the range from slightly below 1 to 4 parts per million (ppm). Similar uranium concentrations are found in a variety of common rocks and soils, as indicated in figure 2. Coals with more than 20 ppm uranium are rare in the United States. Thorium concentrations in coal fall within a similar 1–4 ppm range"
So at 1 ppm uranium and 1 ppm thorium, a coal power plant releases only (8.603668e-13 / (1.1067176e-12 + 1.0788631e-12)) = 0.3936559286 = 39% of the available fission energy in coal.
2020-05-29
Keep your system and project tidy with a Python virtual environment folder
cees@cees-XPS-13-9380:~/code/space-monitor$ python3 -m venv venv
cees@cees-XPS-13-9380:~/code/space-monitor$ source venv/bin/activate
(venv) cees@cees-XPS-13-9380:~/code/space-monitor$ which python3
/home/cees/code/space-monitor/venv/bin/python3
(venv) cees@cees-XPS-13-9380:~/code/space-monitor$ python3 -m pip install logdna
Processing /home/cees/.cache/pip/wheels/af/ce/e9/fccf04ebc826e8cff5ec031f8ecc0c3b4092b44bc692f22a3f/logdna-1.5.3-py3-none-any.whl
Collecting requests
Using cached requests-2.23.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (58 kB)
Collecting certifi>=2017.4.17
Using cached certifi-2020.4.5.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (157 kB)
Collecting idna<3,>=2.5
Using cached idna-2.9-py2.py3-none-any.whl (58 kB)
Collecting urllib3!=1.25.0,!=1.25.1,<1.26,>=1.21.1
Using cached urllib3-1.25.9-py2.py3-none-any.whl (126 kB)
Collecting chardet<4,>=3.0.2
Using cached chardet-3.0.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (133 kB)
Installing collected packages: certifi, idna, urllib3, chardet, requests, logdna
Successfully installed certifi-2020.4.5.1 chardet-3.0.4 idna-2.9 logdna-1.5.3 requests-2.23.0 urllib3-1.25.9
(venv) cees@cees-XPS-13-9380:~/code/space-monitor$ python3 -m pip freeze > requirements.txt
(venv) cees@cees-XPS-13-9380:~/code/space-monitor$ cat requirements.txt
certifi==2020.4.5.1
chardet==3.0.4
idna==2.9
logdna==1.5.3
requests==2.23.0
urllib3==1.25.9
(venv) cees@cees-XPS-13-9380:~/code/space-monitor$ python3 -m pip install -r requirements.txt
Requirement already satisfied: certifi==2020.4.5.1 in ./venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from -r requirements.txt (line 1)) (2020.4.5.1)
Requirement already satisfied: chardet==3.0.4 in ./venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from -r requirements.txt (line 2)) (3.0.4)
Requirement already satisfied: idna==2.9 in ./venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from -r requirements.txt (line 3)) (2.9)
Requirement already satisfied: logdna==1.5.3 in ./venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from -r requirements.txt (line 4)) (1.5.3)
Requirement already satisfied: requests==2.23.0 in ./venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from -r requirements.txt (line 5)) (2.23.0)
Requirement already satisfied: urllib3==1.25.9 in ./venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from -r requirements.txt (line 6)) (1.25.9)
(venv) cees@cees-XPS-13-9380:~/code/space-monitor$ deactivate
cees@cees-XPS-13-9380:~/code/space-monitor$