Popping speakers instead of expected audio

If your speakers pop (#NotAllSpeakers do, like my 1990s Target ones that unfortunately fell to their death.) like my Logitech that spent more money on excessive bass than buffering input power or whatever, make sure it doesn't sleep (D3) in Windows 11.

By setting the right \HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Class key descendant's PerformanceIdleTime value to data 00 00 00 00, and perhaps value IdlePowerState as well, preventing power toggles and cut audio. Credit to TenForums.

Start regedit, paste the key, Ctrl+F, paste value, find next value, confirm DriverDesc description in parent key, and modify PowerSettings data, or save and execute this audio_pop_fix.reg:

Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00

[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Class\{4d36e96c-e325-11ce-bfc1-08002be10318}\0005\PowerSettings]
"ConservationIdleTime"=hex:04,00,00,00
"IdlePowerState"=hex:00,00,00,00
"PerformanceIdleTime"=hex:00,00,00,00

SVG to WebP converter in JS

Don't forget to check your integer type!

"""PIL/Pillow Image.fromarray() doesn't check your array value types!"""

from PIL import Image

import numpy as np

im = Image.new("RGB", (2, 1))

im.putpixel((0, 0), (255, 0, 0))

im.putpixel((1, 0), (0, 255, 0))

a = np.array(im)

print("Good shape:", a.shape, a)

print("See?")

Image.fromarray(a, "RGB").show()

a = np.array([[[255, 0, 0], [0, 255, 0]]])

print("Bad shape:", a.shape, a)

print("Where'd the green pixel go?")

Image.fromarray(a, "RGB").show()

a = np.uint8(a)

print("Fixed shape:", a.shape, a)

print("If the green pixel disappeared, you forgot to cast to uint8.")

Image.fromarray(a, "RGB").show()

Coal ash contains more energy than was gained from burning the coal.

https://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/facts-and-figures/heat-values-of-various-fuels.aspx

Natural uranium, in a fast-neutron reactor	28,000 GJ/kg [so 28e9 J/g]
Hard black coal (IEA definition)	>23.9 MJ/kg
Hard black coal (Australia & Canada)	c. 25 MJ/kg [so 25e3 J/g and 207.25 g/mol according to https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/1-Anthrylmethanolate]
Sub-bituminous coal (IEA definition)	17.4-23.9 MJ/kg
Sub-bituminous coal (Australia & Canada)	c. 18 MJ/kg
Lignite/brown coal (IEA definition)	<17.4 MJ/kg
Lignite/brown coal (Australia, electricity)	c. 10 MJ/kg

mass / molar mass = moles

moles * avogadro = number of molecules

number / avogadro = moles

moles * molar mass = mass

1e6 / 6.022140857e24 * 207.25 = 3.4414672e-17 g of coal = 8.603668e-13 J (25e3 J/g * 3.4414672e-17 g)

1 / 6.022140857e24 * 238.02891 = 3.952563e-23 g of uranium = 1.1067176e-12 J (28e9 J/g * 3.952563e-23 g)

1 / 6.022140857e24 * 232.03806 = 3.8530826e-23 g of thorium = 1.0788631e-12 J (28e9 J/g * 3.8530826e-23)

https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/fs163-97/FS-163-97.html

"2,000 coal samples from the Western United States and approximately 300 coals from the Illinois Basin. In the majority of samples, concentrations of uranium fall in the range from slightly below 1 to 4 parts per million (ppm). Similar uranium concentrations are found in a variety of common rocks and soils, as indicated in figure 2. Coals with more than 20 ppm uranium are rare in the United States. Thorium concentrations in coal fall within a similar 1–4 ppm range"

So at 1 ppm uranium and 1 ppm thorium, a coal power plant releases only (8.603668e-13 / (1.1067176e-12 + 1.0788631e-12)) = 0.3936559286 = 39% of the available fission energy in coal.